OLINK TECHNOLOGY NEWS---- WIRING HARNESS NDI CHIYANI?
Zingwe zomangira mawaya ndi mawaya okhala ndi mawaya angapo othetsedwa odulidwa kapena omangidwa palimodzi.Misonkhanoyi imathandizira kukhazikitsa panthawi yopanga magalimoto.Amapangidwanso kuti agwiritse ntchito malo ochepa mkati mwagalimoto, kuti apereke chitetezo chowonjezera ku waya, komanso kupereka malo otetezedwa olumikizidwa, potero amathandizira kuthana ndi zovuta za kugwedezeka, kukangana, ndi zoopsa zina.
KODI MAGALESI ANGATI PA GALIMOTO?
Magalimoto ndi magalimoto ali ndi zida zosiyana zamakina ambiri okwera, kuphatikiza: batire ndi magetsi, zida zoyatsira, zowongolera, zowongolera, anti-lock braking, chizindikiro (dashboard) cluster, kuunikira mkati, chitetezo chamkati ndi chitetezo, kutsogolo- magetsi omalizira, magetsi akumbuyo, zitseko (zotsekera ndi zowongolera zenera), ma wiring a trailer-hitch, ndi posachedwa, makina a kamera yakumbuyo, kugwirizana kwa mafoni ndi bluetooth, ndi GPS kapena satellite navigation systems.Kuyerekeza kumodzi, komwe kumadziwika ndi kampani yoyesa ma waya ya Cirris Systems mu magazini ya Assembly, ndikuti ma harnesses pagalimoto iliyonse ndi 20.
KUPANDA KWA WAYA NDI KUTHA
Galimoto yaying'ono kapena "C-class" ili ndi waya wa 1.2 km, ndipo kuposa 90% ya izi ndi 0.5 mm m'mimba mwake, kapena kupitilira apo, malinga ndi zomwe adawonetsa pa CRU's 2012 Wire and Cable Conference yolembedwa ndi Francois Schoeffler waku Acome.Gulu la compact lili ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa gawo lililonse.Mu 2013, opanga magalimoto adapanga magalimoto okwana 26 miliyoni - 30% ya magalimoto apachaka ndi magalimoto opepuka.Izi zikutanthauza kuti waya wopitilira mamiliyoni 30 miliyoni adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto apang'ono chaka chatha.
Wopanga magalimoto aku Germany a BMW akuti makina amagetsi mumitundu yake yayikulu amatha kukhala ndi ma 3 km a chingwe ndi chingwe chomwe chimalemera mpaka 60 kg.Muchiwonetsero cha 2013 cha Electrical Wire Processing Technology Expo, Dr. Don Price, wogwira ntchito ku Ford Motor Co. zingwe.
KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO KWA HARNESS
Kuphatikiza pa kutha kwachulukidwe, opanga ma harness amayenera kuthana ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za kukula kwa waya, kudalirika kwa chilengedwe, komanso kuyika kosavuta, ndikuchepetsa kukula, kulemera kwake, ndi mtengo wake.Nthawi zambiri, ma harnesses amapangidwira zitsanzo kapena nsanja.Zachidziwikire, mitundu yambiri yamagalimoto imatha kuyitanidwa ndi zinthu zomwe mungafune, kapena kusakanikirana kwamagulu.Izi zimawonjezera zovuta zina pafakitale yophatikizirapo - kusungitsa, kuyang'anira, ndikuyika ma seti a harness ovuta.Chifukwa chake, ma harnesses amapangidwanso kuti azitha kuwongolera mosavuta panthawi ya msonkhano.
Nthawi zina ntchito zingapo zimasanjidwa pamodzi, opanga zida zomangira zingwe zomangira zingwe zazikulu, kapena zida zina zovuta zokhala ndi zingwe zambiri zomata kapena kukulunga pamodzi.Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo zingwe zapakhomo kapena zomangira kutsogolo zomwe makampani ena amagwiritsa ntchito.
ZOFUNIKA ZOKHULUPIRIKA KWAMBIRI
Zina mwamawaya m'magalimoto zimathandizira zida zofunikira zachitetezo.Mwachitsanzo, mawaya a chiwongolero, mabuleki, ndi zowongolera injini ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zodalirika, kuphatikiza kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha, kugwedezeka, ndi dzimbiri.Zofunikira izi zimakhudza ma conductor, zomaliza, ndi zida za jekete.Magalimoto amathanso kukhala ndi zolumikizira 30 pamakina omwe amawongolera ma airbags, malo okhala, ndi zoletsa zina.
KODI MAPANGIDWE BWANJI?
Kupanga ma harness kumaphatikizapo zinthu ndi njira zotsatirazi:
- kudula waya wotsekeredwa mpaka kutalika kwake
- kuvula zotsekera kumapeto
- kuyika zoyimitsa, mapulagi, kapena mitu
- kuika utali wa chingwe chothetsedwa pa bolodi kapena chimango
- kumangiriza zingwe, zomata, kapena tepi kuti amangirire utali wa chingwe pamalo oyenera
- kugwiritsa ntchito machubu, manja, kapena tepi kuti atetezedwe, amphamvu, ndi olimba
- kuyesa ndi certification
Pamndandandawu, njira yachitatu, kuyika zomaliza, ili ndi masitepe ambiri komanso kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa kondakitala ndi mtundu wa cholumikizira.Kuthetsa kutha kungaphatikizepo njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira ma kondakitala, crimping, bonding, ndi kusindikiza, ndikumanga nsapato zosiyanasiyana, zotengera, zotengera, kapena nyumba.
KUSINTHA KWABWINO KWAMBIRI NDIKOSAPEWE
Makina amatha kugwira bwino ntchito zina zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, monga kudula, kuvula, ndi kudula.Kupanda kutero, pamakhala ntchito yayikulu yoyika zingwe ndikuyika zida.BMW ikupereka chidziwitso chotsatirachi pofotokoza za ma harnesses m'magalimoto ake: "Chifukwa chazovuta kwambiri, ma waya amangopangidwa mongodzipangira okha m'njira zochepa kwambiri.Pafupifupi 95% yazinthu zopangidwa ndi manja zomwe zimatchedwa ma board board. ”
NTCHITO YA PADZIKO LONSE LA NTCHITO ZONSE
Chifukwa chakuti ntchito ndi gawo lalikulu la ndalama zawo zopangira, opanga ma hatchi akhala akumanga mafakitale atsopano m'mayiko omwe anthu ogwira ntchito amakhala ochepa.Opanga ma harness akumanga mafakitale atsopano ngati gawo la mapulogalamu okulitsa kapena ngati gawo la mapulogalamu osinthira kupanga kumisika yotsika mtengo.Nthawi zina, kufunikira kwa mafakitale atsopano kumalumikizidwa ndi mitundu yatsopano yamagalimoto kapena malo opangira magalimoto atsopano.
MEXICO IKUTSOGOLERA M'KUTULUKA KWA HARNESS
Malingana ndi deta yamalonda yapadziko lonse, maiko 11 adatumiza kunja ndalama zoposa US $ 1 biliyoni za mawaya a galimoto mu 2013. Zogulitsa kunja kwa Mexico zinali zazikulu kwambiri, pa US $ 6.5 biliyoni.China inali yachiwiri, ndi US $ 3.2 biliyoni, kutsatiridwa ndi Romania, Vietnam, US, Morocco, Philippines, Germany, Poland, Nicaragua, ndi Tunisia.Ogulitsa kunja awa apamwamba akuwonetsa gawo la Eastern Europe, North Africa, ndi Southeast Asia popanga zida zapadziko lonse lapansi.Ngakhale Germany si msika wantchito wotsika mtengo, makampani angapo akuluakulu amahatchi ali ndi likulu, ma lab opangira ndi kuyesa, ndi malo opangira zinthu ku Germany.(Slide 7)
UDINDO WA MASIKA AKUTULUKA
Mu 2003 katundu wapadziko lonse lapansi adatumiza $14.5 biliyoni, ndi US$5.4 idatumizidwa kunja kuchokera kumayiko omwe ali mumsika wotsogola ndi US$9.1 biliyoni kuchokera kumisika yomwe ikubwera.Pofika chaka cha 2013, zotumiza kunja zidakwera ndi CAGR ya 9% mpaka US $ 34.3 biliyoni.Misika yomwe ikubwerayi ndi yomwe idakula kwambiri, ndipo zogulitsa kunja zidakwera ndi CAGR ya 11% mpaka US $ 26.7 biliyoni.Kutumiza kunja kuchokera kumisika yapamwamba kudakwera ndi CAGR ya 4% mpaka US $ 7.6 biliyoni.
KUKULIKIRA KWA NTCHITO YOLAMBIRA kunja
Kuphatikiza pa mayiko 11 omwe adatumiza kunja kwa 2013 magalimoto opitilira US $ 1 biliyoni, panali mayiko 26 omwe adatumiza kunja kwa US $ 100 miliyoni ndi US $ 1 biliyoni, ndi mayiko ena 20 omwe adatumiza kunja pakati pa US $ 10 miliyoni ndi US $ 100 miliyoni.Choncho mayiko 57 ndi amene anatulutsa ndalama zotumiza kunja kwa 2013 zokwana US$34 biliyoni.
MITUNDU YOKHALA NDI FEKTA WATSOPANO WA HARNESS
Mayiko ena omwe ali ndi zida zotumizira kunja pakati pa US $ 10 miliyoni ndi US $ 100 miliyoni ndi omwe angobwera kumene kumakampaniwo - kupanga zida kwayamba m'zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zapitazi ndipo kukukulirakulira.Cambodia, mwachitsanzo, inali ndi ziro zotumiza kunja mpaka 2012, pamene Yazaki ndi Sumitomo Wiring Systems anakhazikitsa mafakitale a harness kumeneko.Fakitale ya Yazaki inatsegulidwa kumapeto kwa chaka.Zogulitsa ku Cambodia zinali US $ 17 miliyoni mu 2012 ndi US $ 74 miliyoni mu 2013, zomwe zikuwonjezeka ndi 334% pachaka.Ford Motors inatsegulanso fakitale yatsopano yochitiramo misonkhano ku Cambodia mchaka cha 2013.
Wina watsopano ndi Paraguay.Fujikura idatsegula malo opangira ma waya kumeneko mu Okutobala 2011 ndikukulitsa ntchito ndi mbewu yachiwiri mu Seputembara 2013. Paraguay ilinso ndi malo opangira magalimoto atsopano - mgwirizano wa Dongfeng ndi Nissan womwe unayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2011. Misika ina yomwe ikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu M'zaka zaposachedwa, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Egypt, Macedonia, Moldova, ndi Serbia.
ZOMWE ZINACHITIKA ZINALI PAFUPI 75 % YA Msika WONSE
Deta yamalonda ndi yothandiza kuwonetsa ntchito ya misika yantchito yotsika mtengo pamakampani opanga ma waya padziko lonse lapansi, koma opanga magalimoto ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida zopangidwa m'dziko lomwelo.Mwachitsanzo, deta yamalonda ikuwonetsa zotumiza zamphamvu zochokera ku China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Morocco, ndi mayiko ena omwe alinso ndi mafakitale opangira magalimoto ndi magalimoto.CRU ikuyerekeza kuti zida zonse zogwiritsa ntchito mawaya mu 2013 zinali US $ 43 biliyoni, kuphatikiza zida zapakhomo ndi zochokera kunja.
MFUNDO YOKHALA PA GALIMOTO
Deta yamalonda yapadziko lonse ikupezeka potengera mtengo (US$) ndi kulemera (kg).Maiko monga Argentina, Canada, Italy, Sweden, ndi UK ali ndi malo opangira magalimoto kapena magalimoto koma alibe mafakitale.M'mayiko oterowo, deta yokhudzana ndi katundu wochokera kunja ikhoza kugawidwa ndi chiwerengero cha magalimoto opangidwa kuti apeze mtengo wapakati ndi kulemera kwa mawaya amagetsi pa galimoto iliyonse.Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana, kuwonetsa kusakanikirana kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagalimoto ndi magulu amitengo (mawonekedwe) opangidwa m'dziko lililonse.
Mwachitsanzo, mu 2013, mtengo wa ma haness pa galimoto iliyonse unachokera ku US$300 ku Argentina kufika ku US$700 pamisika ina ku W. Europe.Kusiyanaku kumabwera chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwa magalimoto opangidwa, ndi mayiko monga Germany, Sweden, ndi UK omwe ali ndi magalimoto akuluakulu komanso apamwamba kwambiri.Mtengo wapakati pa galimoto iliyonse ku Italy unali US $ 407, ndipo kusakaniza kwa Italy kwa magalimoto ang'onoang'ono, apakati, ndi aakulu ndi ofanana ndi kusakaniza kwa dziko lonse lapansi.
MTIMA WA OTENGA GALIMOTO NDALAMA YAKUCHULUKA
Poganizira kusakanizikana kwa mitundu ya magalimoto komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa ma harness ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana, CRU yayerekeza mtengo wapakati pagalimoto pagalimoto iliyonse pafupifupi US $ 500 mu 2013. Mtengowu wakwera ndi CAGR ya 10% kuchoka pa $200 mu 2003. tanena kale, kuwonjezeka kwa mitengo yamkuwa kwathandizira pang'ono kukwera kwa mtengo wa ma harness, koma chinthu chachikulu chakhala kuchuluka kwa kutha kwa magalimoto pagalimoto iliyonse.
HARNESS DATA MU TONI
Pogwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zamabizinesi otengera kunja kwa matani, CRU yayerekeza ma kilogalamu a waya pagalimoto iliyonse yamagalimoto ndi magalimoto opepuka opangidwa padziko lonse lapansi mu 2013 kukhala 23 kg.Kuchuluka kwa dziko kumachokera pansi pa 10 kg pa galimoto iliyonse m'misika yomwe ikubwera yomwe ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zitsanzo zoyambira kapena zochepa, mpaka kupitirira 25 kg pa galimoto m'misika ina yapamwamba yokhala ndi magalimoto akuluakulu komanso apamwamba.
WOYENERA WOYERA PA GALIMOTO
Ambiri anali 13 kg pa galimoto ku Argentina, 18 kg ku Italy, 20 kg ku Japan, ndi oposa 25 kg ku UK.Apanso, ngakhale kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa magulu a magalimoto ndi mayiko, pali zochitika zomveka zokwera makilogalamu pa galimoto m'mayiko onse kuyambira 2003 mpaka 2013. Padziko lonse lapansi panali 13.5 kg pa galimoto mu 2003, 16.6 mu 2008, ndi 23.4 mu 2013. Kulemera kwa mawaya pagalimoto iliyonse kumaphatikizapo kulemera kwa mawaya otsekeredwa, zotsekera, zomangira, zomangira, zomangira zingwe, machubu oteteza, manja, ndi tepi.Kukula kwa kondakitala kumatha kuchoka pa 0.5 mm2 mpaka kupitilira 2.0 mm2, kutengera ntchito.
NDANI AMAPANGA ZOWONA?
Kuchulukitsitsa kwa ma waya amagalimoto amapangidwa ndi opanga zida zodziyimira pawokha komanso makampani odziwa ma waya.M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, makampani ena akuluakulu amagalimoto anali ndi mabungwe opanga ma hatchi, koma izi zakhala zikutayidwa, nthawi zambiri kwa akatswiri akuluakulu oyendetsa magalimoto.Nthawi zambiri, makampani opanga magalimoto amagulitsa kwa opanga magalimoto angapo.Gulu lapamwamba la opanga zingwe limaphatikizapo makampani otsatirawa (motsatira zilembo): Acome, Delphi, Draexlmaier, Fujikura, Furukawa Automotive Systems, Kromberg ndi Schubert, Lear, Leoni, Sumitomo Wiring Systems, ndi Yazaki.
Makampani awa onse ali ndi mafakitale opanga zida m'malo angapo.Mwachitsanzo, Yazaki anali ndi antchito a 236,000 pa malo a 237 m'mayiko a 43 kuyambira June 2014. Makampani apamwambawa amakhalanso ndi mgwirizano ndi mabungwe m'mayiko ambiri.Nthawi zina ma JV kapena othandizira amakhala ndi mayina osiyanasiyana amakampani.Gulu lachiwiri la opanga zida zamagalimoto ndi Idaco, Lorom, Lumen, MSSL (mgwirizano wa Samvardhana Motherson Group ndi Sumitomo Wiring Systems), Yura ndi ena ambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-23-2020